AI Agents Are Thirsty for Power

Welcome back to Power Play! Each week, senior writer Molly Taft tackles a topic around this midterm season’s biggest issue: data centers. If you’ve got a question or thought for the column, feel free to shoot Molly an email at [email protected] or reach them securely on Signal at mollytaft.76.

“What on earth are they building all of these data centers for?” an exasperated friend asked me recently.

They’re not the only one asking: We got several similar questions on our recent data center livestream. It’s a really reasonable thing to wonder about. After all, if AI is already making all these breakthroughs, why are tech companies taking on billions of dollars of debt and constructing some of the biggest power plants in the world to build even more data centers?

The answer isn’t to help the average user search for recipes or look up places to visit on a vacation; simple chatbot queries are an increasingly outdated way of thinking about how AI works. Now, AI is all about agents—there’s no official definition, but roughly speaking, agents are large language model-based systems designed to make autonomous decisions to execute a task—and the shift towards them is part of what’s driving Silicon Valley’s power buildout.

“Rather than asking an AI chatbot a simple question and answer, these agents can give themselves hundreds of small prompts based on a user’s original question,” says my colleague Maxwell Zeff, who writes the weekly Model Behavior newsletter. “For example, if someone asked an AI agent to build them a website, it might run for hours to build out features, re-prompting itself dozens of times in the process to build different web pages, menus, and datasets that power the thing.”

“The people that are scarfing down 12 almonds at a time don't feel like they're doing something horrible from a water perspective for the most part,” he said.

What You’re Asking

A reader asks: Would small nuclear power plants work for data centers?