AI in the Clinical Documentation Loop: Effects of LLM-Induced Note Bloat and Diagnostic Overcall on Downstream LLMs

arXiv:2611.10601v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to process medical records for healthcare tasks such as clinical documentation. Because these tools also generate documentation, the relationship is now bidirectional: models both read from and write to the record. Understanding how LLMs behave when reading records that already contain LLM-authored content is therefore critical for their safe deployment. In this study, we examine how LLM-authored content in the medical record affects downstream LLMs that read the same record. We consider two types of LLM-induced artifacts: bloat, in which LLM-generated summaries accumulate in the record and change the length and provenance of its content over time; and distortion, in which LLMs subtly alter clinical findings rather than fabricating facts outright. As a case of distortion, we study diagnostic overcall (documenting an unconfirmed differential diagnosis in the record) and test whether it propagates to the reader LLM's output. Across seven reader models from four families, we find evidence of both effects. First, LLM-generated summary notes modestly but consistently degraded downstream hospital-course generation compared with copy-forward and templated text of matched length. Second, injected overcalls reappeared in downstream outputs at rates that varied by reader model, without detectable changes in standard quality metrics. These findings show the need to monitor AI-generated content in medical records and to account for it when those records are later processed by AI.