BrainSurgery: Reproducible and Flexible Declarative Weight Manipulations for Model Editing and Upcycling

arXiv:2606.09707v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Checkpoint transformations such as model merging, precision casting, and low-rank rewriting are commonly implemented through Python code or separate task-specific tools. We present BrainSurgery, a tool that consolidates these operations into reusable declarative YAML plans over checkpoint tensors with built-in targeting, validation, diffing, and sharded export; a Web UI supports interactive inspection and plan construction. We compare BrainSurgery with three specialized systems across 13 settings, 11 benchmarks, 8 models, 4 architectures, and model sizes from 1.7B to 32B parameters. Without use-case-specific framework customization, BrainSurgery reproduces their model edits with comparable run cost, often lower memory usage, and close downstream performance. We further perform correctness, preservation, robustness, and scaling checks. Finally, a coding-agent study shows that agents can reliably generate and review BrainSurgery plans, which are substantially shorter and more structurally consistent than equivalent Python implementations. These results support BrainSurgery as a flexible alternative to maintaining separate tools for heterogeneous checkpoint-editing tasks.