Federated Learning for Semantic Communications over Multiple Access Channels

arXiv:2610.37951v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: This paper presents a federated learning (FL) framework for semantic communication (SemCom) over the multiple access channel (MAC), where multiple distributed transmitters simultaneously convey semantic information to a common receiver using end-to-end learned semantic representations. Semantic feature extraction, compression, wireless transmission, and semantic inference are jointly optimized through FL-based SemCom. Unlike conventional SemCom systems that train users independently, simultaneous semantic transmissions over the MAC enable concurrent training of multiple transmitters within the same transmission interval, thereby reducing training overhead and channel usage. Federated semantic aggregation is incorporated with shared and personalized encoder components, allowing transmitters with limited local training data to benefit from semantic representations learned from transmitters possessing larger datasets while preserving local adaptation. Evaluated using the CIFAR-10 dataset over fading channels, the proposed approach maintains high semantic inference accuracy under shared wireless access and significantly improves performance under severe data imbalance. In the meantime, simultaneous semantic transmissions can significantly reduce training overhead while preserving robust semantic performance across distributed transmitters with heterogeneous local datasets. These results highlight the potential of combining FL and SemCom to support scalable and communication-efficient edge intelligence in future wireless networks.