Herculean: An Agentic Benchmark for Financial Intelligence

arXiv:2605.14355v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: As AI agents advance, the central question is no longer whether they can solve isolated financial tasks, but whether their capabilities generalize across complete professional workflows. Existing benchmarks cannot answer this question because they evaluate either static competencies or agents within a single interaction structure. We introduce Herculean, a benchmark of end-to-end agentic financial intelligence that crosses agent architecture, backbone model, and four structurally distinct workflows: Trading, Hedging, Market Insights, and Auditing. Each workflow is implemented as an MCP skill that preserves its native state, actions, constraints, and outcome criteria, allowing intact agent systems to be evaluated under matched external conditions. Across 30 architecture--backbone configurations, we find that agent capability is not globally ordered. Workflow rankings are weakly aligned, changing the architecture frequently reverses performance under the same backbone, and each architecture concentrates failure in different forms of workflow control. These results establish that agent performance is an interaction between architecture and workflow demand, rather than an intrinsic property of the underlying model. Consequently, success on a single financial workflow provides little evidence of dependable, general financial intelligence.