Image-Domain Poisson-Perturbation Robustness of NCCT Slice Classification

arXiv:2603.26764v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Image-domain Poisson perturbation may alter normalized NCCT appearance and downstream models. We evaluated classification of ischemic core/penumbra-bearing non-contrast CT (NCCT) slices under five simulated settings. The source cohort was CPAISD (112 hyperacute ischemic stroke patients); the test partition contained 10 patients and 809 slices. First, a fixed-checkpoint audit compared direct ResNet-18 classification (P1) with residual U-Net denoising followed by the classifier (P2). P1 average precision (AP) ranged from 0.694 to 0.901, whereas P2 AP ranged from 0.509 to 0.797 (substantially lower at settings 10-40). The fixed 0.5 threshold had 0-12.8% sensitivity for P1 and 0% for P2. Second, a prospectively locked de novo experiment compared direct noisy classification (DNC), joint denoising-classification (JDC-0), and the same joint model with privileged training-only lesion-boundary supervision (JDC-B). Across-setting mean AP was 0.861 +/- 0.028 for DNC, 0.840 +/- 0.038 for JDC-0, and 0.856 +/- 0.031 for JDC-B. Hierarchical paired-bootstrap differences were -0.021 (95% CI -0.063 to 0.019) for JDC-0 minus DNC, 0.016 (-0.019 to 0.054) for JDC-B minus JDC-0, and -0.005 (-0.041 to 0.026) for JDC-B minus DNC; none excluded zero. A frozen stress test on the 52-patient AISD partition also showed limited transportability. Thus, ordinary joint training did not demonstrate a classification benefit, and the boundary term recovered part of its point-estimate loss without a statistically supported advantage. Image fidelity, ranking, calibration, and clinical utility must be evaluated separately. This study does not validate acquired low-dose, portable, or cone-beam CT, nor patient-level stroke diagnosis.