NucShare: Lightweight Nuclei Instance Segmentation with Foundation-Model Accuracy

arXiv:2609.35203v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Nuclei instance segmentation is fundamental to quantitative pathology. Yet high-accuracy methods mostly build on large vision transformers (ViTs) or heavy convolutional backbones, whose parameter count and compute cost hinder deployment in clinical and edge settings. We present NucShare, a lightweight model whose shared decoder handles nuclear pixel segmentation, horizontal-vertical distance, and classification through learnable transposed convolutions for upsampling and three lightweight heads, using 37% of independent decoders' parameters with no loss in accuracy. Output-level distillation then transfers knowledge from NucShare-T (UNI2-h) to NucShare-S (ConvNeXt V2-Tiny), reducing 690.5M parameters to 34.7M. On PanNuke they reach mPQ 0.524 and 0.519, above the prior best CFR-SAM-H at 0.511, and NucShare-S surpasses HoVer-Net and Mask R-CNN by 5.6 and 15.0 points; on zero-shot MoNuSeg it attains bPQ 0.668 against CFR-SAM-H's 0.662. Code: https://github.com/L-iMeng-L/Newidea