PRISM: Prompt-Refined In-Context System Modelling for Financial Retrieval

arXiv:2511.14130v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Deploying LLMs for financial information retrieval demands accuracy, cost efficiency, and reproducibility, yet most approaches require expensive fine-tuning. PRISM is a training-free framework that composes three deployable modules (prompt engineering, in-context learning, and a candidate refinement module) with a boundary-condition study of multi-agent coordination for financial document retrieval. On FiQA-2018, stacked reranking and $k$-reciprocal encoding raise Recall@100 from 0.7783 to 0.8326. On FinAgentBench, a Cohere-refined top-50 pool yields a higher observed end-to-end NDCG@5, below this evaluation's minimum detectable effect, while cutting per-query cost by about 35%. Added complexity does not always pay off: $k$-reciprocal encoding stops helping once the upstream stage is already high-recall, and multi-agent coordination is not a default for fine-grained chunk ranking. Matched pairs that hold prompt, model, and exemplars fixed lose 0.0702 and 0.0681 combined NDCG@5 to their single-path controls, and the whole gap sits at the chunk stage. We release an expert-annotated FinAgentBench evaluation set, together with a label-robustness sweep over 16 alternative ground-truth constructions, restoring a reproducible evaluation path after the original evaluator went offline. Without fine-tuning, PRISM placed third on the official FinAgentBench private leaderboard (leaderboard basis, NDCG@5 0.71181), reaches NDCG@10 0.6197 on FiQA-2018, and 98% accuracy on FinanceBench. We report per-query latency, token, and dollar accounting across roughly 40 configurations, present the quality-cost-latency Pareto frontier, and introduce FACET, a transparent SLA-specific scalarization for choosing among non-dominated configurations. Code and dataset are released at https://bit.ly/prism-ailens.