SP-MoMamba: Superpixel-driven Mixture of State Space Experts for Efficient Image Super-Resolution

arXiv:2605.25892v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: State space models (SSMs) have emerged as an efficient paradigm for single-image super-resolution (SR) due to their linear complexity and long-range modeling capabilities. However, existing visual SSMs mainly focus on improving how densely represented image features are traversed, while the construction of the visual sequence itself remains largely tied to predefined spatial layouts. Inspired by Gestalt perceptual grouping, we propose SP-MoMamba, a superpixel-driven mixture of state space experts for efficient SR. Instead of performing state-space modeling over densely serialized pixel features, the proposed Superpixel-driven State Space Model (SP-SSM) organizes spatially coherent features into compact region-level tokens and performs global sequence modeling over these content-aware representations, reducing redundant computation while facilitating long-range structural interaction. To accommodate image structures with varying representation granularities, we further develop a Multi-Scale Superpixel Mixture of State Space Experts (MSS-MoE), where scale-specific SP-SSM experts model region-level representations at different granularities and a sparse router dynamically selects an appropriate modeling scale. In addition, a Local Spatial Modulation Expert (LSME) complements region-level global modeling by refining local high-frequency details. Extensive experiments demonstrate that SP-MoMamba achieves strong reconstruction performance with a favorable trade-off among model size, computational cost, and inference efficiency.