The Future of the Global Open-Source AI Ecosystem: From DeepSeek to AI+

This is the third and final blog in a three-part series on China's open source community's historical advancements since January 2025's "DeepSeek Moment." The first blog on strategic changes and open artifact growth is available here, and the second blog on architectural and hardware shifts is available here.

In this third article, we examine paths and trajectories of prominent Chinese AI organizations, and posit future directions for open source.

For AI researchers and developers contributing to and relying on the open source ecosystem and for policymakers understanding the rapidly changing environment, due to intraorganizational and global community gains, open source is the dominant and popular approach for Chinese AI organizations for the near future. Openly sharing artifacts from models to papers to deployment infrastructure maps to a strategy with the goal of large-scale deployment and integration. 

China's Organic Open Source AI Ecosystem

Having examined strategic and architectural changes since DeepSeek's R1, we get a glimpse for the first time at how an organic open source AI ecosystem is taking shape in China. A culmination of powerful players, some established in open source, some new players, and some changing course entirely to contribute to the new open culture, signal that the open collaborative approach is mutually beneficial. 

This collaboration is reaching beyond national boundaries; the most followed organization on Hugging Face is DeepSeek, and the fourth most followed is Qwen. 

In addition to models, openly sharing science and techniques has not only informed other AI organizations, but also the entire open source community. The most popular papers on Hugging Face largely come from Chinese organizations, namely ByteDance, DeepSeek, Tencent, and Qwen.

The Established

At the same time, Alibaba aligned model development with cloud and hardware infrastructure, integrating models, chips, platforms, and applications into a single engineering stack.